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Buying Guide
What Size Winch Do I Need? Sizing by Vehicle and Tires
By RiggingOps Editorial · Updated
RiggingOps doesn't sell gear and takes no sponsorships. We earn a commission when you buy through links on this page, and that commission never affects rankings; picks are ranked by evidence. How we choose →
Read before you rig
Recovery gear stores serious kinetic energy. A failed rope, strap, or shackle can whip back with enough force to injure or kill. Keep everyone clear of the load path, never exceed a component's rated capacity, and follow your gear manufacturer's manual. Where it differs from anything on this page, the manual wins. This article is spec-and-evidence analysis, not field instruction from a certified instructor. If you're not confident rigging the pull safely, that's a reason to call someone who is, not a reason to guess.
•Size a winch off GVWR (the door-sticker max weight), not curb weight: multiply GVWR by 1.5 to get your minimum pulling capacity.
•A Tacoma-class truck (5,600 lb GVWR) needs roughly 8,400 lb minimum; a Silverado 2500 (9,900 lb GVWR) needs roughly 14,850 lb. The gap between mid-size and heavy-duty is real, not marketing.
•Rated line pull is a first-layer number only. WARN’s own published figures for its ZEON 8 show a winch rated at 8,000 lb pulling closer to 5,200 lb by the fourth layer as rope stacks on the drum.
•UTVs and ATVs use the same 1.5x logic against loaded weight (passengers, fuel, cargo included): WARN’s own class guide runs 2,500 lb for ATVs up to 5,500 lb for four-seat UTVs.
•No manufacturer checked publishes a tire-size adjustment FORMULA, but two publish the relationship in words. Two makers do connect tire size to winch sizing qualitatively: Ironman 4x4 lists "extra weight from bumpers, armor, larger tires, rooftop gear, and recovery equipment" as the reason to step up to 12,000 lb, and SuperATV writes that "when you throw some bigger tires and crazy hill climbs into the mix, you might need something with a little more pulling power." Neither gives a number to add per inch. Bigger tires change the math through added weight and rolling resistance, not a fixed multiplier, so treat any ‘35-inch tire rule’ you see elsewhere with skepticism.
•A truck that weighs 6,000 lbs empty (curb weight) still needs a winch sized off its GVWR, not that number: a curb-weight-class F-150 near 6,000 lbs still carries a 6,010-7,850 lb GVWR, which lands the 1.5x formula around 9,000-11,800 lb minimum, not 6,000 lb.
Take your vehicle’s GVWR off the driver’s door sticker, multiply by 1.5, and that’s your minimum winch capacity. A Wrangler Rubicon needs at least 7,500 lb. A Tacoma needs at least 8,400 lb. A 3/4-ton truck needs closer to 15,000 lb. Below is the full math for your rig, plus why the number on the winch box isn’t always the number you actually get.
WARN, Smittybilt, and Superwinch are trademarks of their respective owners; RiggingOps is not affiliated with or endorsed by any of them.
The Standard Rule: GVWR x 1.5, and What It Misses
WARN, the industry’s largest winch manufacturer, publishes the formula the rest of the market builds on: take your vehicle’s GVWR and multiply it by 1.5 to get your minimum pulling capacity. That’s it. No trim-level guessing, no forum math.
The one place people get this wrong is the input number. Use GVWR (your vehicle’s maximum operating weight, printed on the driver’s door sticker), not curb weight. Curb weight is the truck empty. GVWR accounts for passengers, cargo, fuel, and the winch itself, which is the actual weight you’d be dragging out of a ditch.
The formula gives you a floor, not a ceiling. It doesn’t account for the angle of your pull, the surface you’re stuck on, or how many rope layers are on your drum when you need the winch most; more on that below.
My Truck Weighs 6,000 Lbs: What Winch Size Do I Actually Need?
If you searched some version of “my truck weighs 6,000 lbs, what winch do I need,” here’s the trap: several winches on the market are literally labeled “6,000 lb” capacity, and it’s tempting to match that number straight to your truck’s weight. Don’t. The 6,000 lbs you’re thinking of is very likely your truck’s curb weight (the empty vehicle), and the GVWR x 1.5 formula above runs off GVWR, not curb weight, for a reason: GVWR accounts for passengers, cargo, fuel, and the winch itself, which is the actual weight you’d be dragging out of a ditch.
Don’t buy a winch rated at your truck’s curb weight. A 2026 Ford F-150 runs 4,021-5,950 lbs curb weight (empty) depending on configuration, so a truck that weighs close to 6,000 lbs empty is already near the top of that range, but its GVWR is meaningfully higher: 6,010-7,850 lbs, per the F-150’s own spec data. Run that GVWR through the 1.5x formula and you land at roughly 9,015-11,775 lbs minimum, not 6,000 lbs. Check your own driver’s-door GVWR sticker, then size to that number, not to what the truck weighs empty.
For most half-ton trucks in this weight class, that math points toward a 9,500 to 12,000 lb winch, not a 6,000 lb one; see the “9,500 lb vs 12,000 lb” comparison below, or run your exact GVWR through the calculator.
Winch Sizing by Vehicle: Jeep, Tacoma, and Beyond
WARN publishes two worked examples worth knowing by heart, plus a third for anyone driving something heavier.
A 2016 Toyota Tacoma carries a 5,600 lb GVWR. Multiply by 1.5 and you land at 8,400 lb minimum. WARN notes an 8,000 lb winch would technically suffice here, but it’s reasonable to size up slightly for margin; see our Tacoma-specific winch guide for how that minimum shifts across 3rd and 4th Gen trims.
A Jeep Wrangler Rubicon carries a 5,000 lb GVWR. That puts the minimum at 7,500 lb.
A Chevrolet Silverado 2500 carries a 9,900 lb GVWR, nearly double the Wrangler. The formula puts the minimum at 14,850 lb, and WARN’s own guidance is to round up to a 15,000 or 16,500 lb winch rather than down to something more affordable. That’s a different winch class entirely, not the same winch with a bigger sticker; our heavy-duty truck winch guide covers spec-sourced picks across the full 8,565-14,000 lb GVWR range for Ram, Ford, and GM HD trucks.
Earlier versions of this page could not verify GVWR figures for other common platforms beyond these two manufacturer-published examples. The table below now carries per-figure sourcing for 18 platforms, including the 4Runner and Bronco, pulled directly from manufacturer spec pages with each figure’s verification status shown. Check your own door sticker rather than trusting a forum-quoted GVWR number; it’s the one figure in this whole formula you should pull first-hand.
Here’s the same GVWR x 1.5 math run against 18 platforms we’ve since verified directly from manufacturer specs, with the honest gaps flagged where a GVWR figure isn’t confirmed enough to compute against.
Vehicle-specific recovery gear guidance
Vehicle-specific winch and kinetic-rope sizing guidance, verified as of the date shown below the table
Rows marked not verified in the Recovery points column don't have a confirmed rated recovery point on file: pulling a kinetic rope on an unrated point (or a tow ball, tie-down, or axle) under a dynamic load can fail catastrophically. Confirm your vehicle has rated recovery points (see tow hook vs. recovery point) before using any kinetic rope on those platforms.
Winch minimums for GVWR-basis rows computed from WARN's published GVWR × 1.5 formula using manufacturer GVWR figures, not manufacturer-published guidance for your exact vehicle. Your exact GVWR is on the driver's door-jamb placard. Winch minimums for UTV/ATV-tier rows use WARN's published capacity tiers by seat count/class (no GVWR basis; UTVs don't carry door-jamb GVWR placards). Rows marked "GVWR not verified" don't have a manufacturer- or secondary-source-confirmed GVWR on file, so no computed winch minimum is shown; check your driver's door-jamb placard and apply WARN's GVWR × 1.5 formula yourself. Last verified 2026-07-09 for all platforms in this table. We publish no shackle-size-by-vehicle-weight chart; see WLL vs. MBS for shackle sizing.
For how we source and verify every figure in this table, see our review methodology.
* WARN's kinetic-rope sizing brochure (linked via Factor 55) covers Jeeps, mid-size trucks, full-size trucks, and HD trucks/vans/RVs only; it does not publish a diameter class for UTVs/ATVs. Size by the MBS-multiplier guidance in the WLL vs. MBS guide instead.
9,500 lb vs 12,000 lb: When Bigger Is (and Isn’t) Worth It
The jump from 9,500 lb to 12,000 lb only matters if your GVWR math actually calls for it. Run the numbers before you shop by price point or forum reputation.
A Tacoma-class truck at 5,600 lb GVWR needs 8,400 lb minimum: a 9,500 lb winch, like Smittybilt’s XRC Gen3, clears that with room. A Wrangler Rubicon at 7,500 lb minimum clears it too. Neither vehicle benefits from stepping up to 12,000 lb on GVWR grounds alone; that extra capacity is headroom, not a requirement.
Where 12,000 lb starts to matter is heavier SUVs and trucks pushing toward 8,000 lb GVWR, where 1.5x lands close to the 12,000 lb ceiling. WARN’s ZEON Platinum 12-S covers that range with an IP68 rating and rope rated to 16,500 lb breaking strength. But go back to the Silverado 2500 example: at 9,900 lb GVWR, even 12,000 lb falls short of the 14,850 lb minimum. Bigger isn’t automatically enough; it’s still just math against your specific GVWR.
How 35-Inch Tires and Overland Weight Change the Math
We can’t give you a precise adjustment number here, and we’re not going to invent one. No manufacturer we found publishes a specific tire-size-to-winch-capacity formula: there’s no “add X lb per inch over stock” rule from WARN, Smittybilt, or anyone else with a spec sheet behind it. Treat any source that hands you a specific multiplier for 35s, 37s, or similar with real skepticism.
What’s true, mechanically: a larger, heavier wheel-and-tire package adds rotating weight to the vehicle, and if that weight isn’t reflected in a re-certified GVWR, your door sticker may understate your actual loaded weight. Overland builds (bumpers, sliders, roof-top tents, water, recovery gear) compound the same problem; all of that is real weight your winch has to move, whether or not it shows up on the sticker. Larger tires also increase rolling resistance in sand, mud, and snow, which raises the real-world pulling load beyond what a flat, hard-surface GVWR calculation implies.
The honest move is to weigh your rig loaded, as you actually run it, rather than trusting the factory door sticker if you’ve made significant changes, and to size toward the upper end of your GVWR-based range rather than the exact minimum.
UTV and ATV Winch Sizing: Same Logic, Smaller Numbers
The GVWR-based logic carries over to UTVs and ATVs, just at a different scale, and there are two published rules worth knowing.
WARN’s own vehicle-class guide breaks it down simply: 2,500-3,500 lb for ATVs, 3,500-4,500 lb for two-seat UTVs, and 4,500-5,500 lb for four-seat UTVs. WARN’s VRX 45-S sits at 4,500 lb, right at the top of the two-seat range, while the AXON 45-S at 5,500 lb covers loaded four-seat rigs.
SuperATV publishes a complementary rule that’s closer to the truck formula: size a winch at least 1.5x your UTV’s loaded GVW, including passengers, fuel, accessories, and cargo, not the dry weight off the spec sheet. If you run a two-seat UTV loaded with a passenger, a cooler, and recovery gear, that loaded weight is the number to run through the math, not the empty machine’s factory weight.
Superwinch’s budget-tier Terra 4500 matches WARN’s two-seat ceiling at 4,500 lb, with a steel-rope version and a synthetic-rope sibling (Terra 4500SR) for riders who want to skip steel entirely.
Do the Math for Your Own Rig
Skip the manual multiplication and run your own vehicle’s numbers, whether it’s a truck, SUV, Jeep, or a UTV/ATV with no published GVWR.
Winch and Kinetic Rope Sizing Calculator
Enter your GVWR to get a computed winch minimum and kinetic-rope MBS range from the published formulas on this page. This runs entirely in your browser: nothing you enter is sent anywhere or stored.
Need to size the whole recovery kit, not just the winch? Our recovery kit builder runs this same GVWR-based math across kinetic rope, shackles, and traction boards in one pass, with a budget/mid/premium pick for each. Just need the kinetic rope that pairs with this winch? Our kinetic rope size calculator runs the same GVWR-based math down to a diameter class, an MBS target, and a matched pick.
Rated Line Pull Is a First-Layer-of-Drum Number
Here’s the part that catches people off guard in the field: winch capacity ratings only apply to the first layer of rope on the drum. Every manufacturer measures it that way, and WARN is explicit that “all winch ratings are actually ‘first-layer’ ratings.”
The reason is mechanical, not marketing. As rope stacks in additional layers on the drum, the effective drum diameter increases: the same idea as shifting a bike to a bigger gear, more speed, less torque. WARN’s own figures for the ZEON 8 winch show the drop clearly: 8,000 lb on layer one, 6,777 lb on layer two, 5,878 lb on layer three, and 5,189 lb on layer four. That’s a 35% capacity loss by the time you’re four layers deep, on a winch that never stopped being “rated” at 8,000 lb.
The practical fix: pay out as much rope as you safely can before a pull, so you’re working closer to the first layer and the rated capacity. WARN’s minimum is 5 wraps left on the drum for wire rope and 10 wraps for synthetic; never spool below that, regardless of how much layer-capacity you’d gain.
Duty Cycle: Why Two Winches With the Same Rating Aren’t Equal
Two winches rated at the same line pull can behave very differently under sustained load, because electric winch motors aren’t built for continuous duty. Across off-road recovery winches generally, the typical duty cycle is roughly 10-20%, meaning about 1 to 2 minutes of full-load pulling before the motor needs a rest period, according to ABS Off Road’s explainer on the topic; none of the manufacturer product pages we pulled for this guide (WARN VR EVO 10-S, WARN ZEON Platinum 12-S, Smittybilt XRC Gen3) published a specific duty-cycle percentage for that individual winch, so treat 10-20% as an industry-general range, not a per-product spec.
For the full mechanism behind why a motor needs that rest (heat, resistance, brush wear), a live check of what WARN, Superwinch, ARB, and Smittybilt actually publish on cool-down and motor type, and an honest flag on where the 10-20% figure above currently conflicts with a manufacturer’s own published number, see our full winch duty cycle explained breakdown. Duty cycle and current draw are related but separate questions; for how many amps your winch actually needs from your electrical system, plus battery, alternator, and wire-gauge sizing, see our winch amp draw, battery, and wiring guide.
Synthetic Line or Steel Cable?
This is a separate decision from sizing, but it affects how you use whatever capacity you’ve bought. See our full synthetic vs. steel comparison for the complete picture.
Synthetic rope is lighter, easier to handle, and doesn’t develop the sharp burrs or “fish-hooks” that worn steel cable can. It also stores less potential energy under load, which matters if a line ever fails under tension. The tradeoffs: it’s more abrasion-prone, needs regular inspection for UV and chemical wear, and per WARN’s own comparison, costs roughly two-thirds as much upfront as steel but generally doesn’t last as long.
Steel wire rope is extremely abrasion-resistant and, with regular inspection for kinks, can last close to indefinitely; WARN puts its lifetime cost at roughly a quarter of synthetic’s. It’s heavier, can bird’s-nest if spooled poorly, and stores far more potential energy under load than synthetic, which is a real safety consideration if it fails mid-pull.
Whichever you run, minimum wrap counts still apply: 5 wraps for steel, 10 for synthetic, always left on the drum.
Where Our Numbers Come From: Manufacturer Spec Sheets, Cited
Every rating in this guide traces to a manufacturer spec page or published technical article, linked inline and listed in our sources. We don’t test winches under load ourselves; we do spec-and-evidence analysis, cross-checked against what WARN, Smittybilt, and Superwinch actually publish. Full detail on how we vet sources and build picks is on our review methodology page.
A quick note on load-rating terminology while we’re here, since it comes up constantly in recovery gear: Working Load Limit (WLL) is the maximum force a piece of gear is designed to sustain in normal use, calculated by dividing Minimum Breaking Strength (MBS, the load at which it actually fails) by a safety factor. ASME B30.9 sets that factor at 5:1 for wire rope and synthetic slings, 4:1 for alloy chain. If you want the full breakdown, see our guide on WLL vs. MBS.
Each spec links to where we got it. Manufacturer-verified means we saw the figure on the maker's own product page, linked next to the value. Retailer-sourced means the figure came from a retailer or cached listing, not the manufacturer directly, and we say so next to the value. Not verified / not published means we could not confirm the figure anywhere credible, so we say that instead of guessing.
+10,000 lb first-layer capacity covers the 1.5x GVWR formula for most mid-size trucks and SUVs with room to spare
+IP68 waterproofing, WARN's top rating tier, on a mid-priced winch
+218:1 gear ratio with 3-stage planetary gearing
Cons
−Manufacturer page doesn't publish winch weight or amp draw at rated load, so those figures can't be compared against competitors
−Steps past what a Wrangler-class rig (7,500 lb minimum) strictly needs, so you're paying for headroom
For GVWR in the 5,500-6,500 lb range (our estimate of where the 1.5x formula lands close to 10,000 lb), the VR EVO 10-S clears WARN's own sizing formula with margin at a mid-tier price.
+9,500 lb capacity clears the Wrangler Rubicon-class minimum (7,500 lb per WARN's worked example) with margin
+7.0 HP motor and a 95 ft synthetic rope, per Smittybilt's own spec sheet
+A 12,000 lb version in the same product line exists if you want to size up without switching brands
Cons
−Manufacturer page doesn't list winch weight, rope diameter, exact gear ratio, or amp draw at rated load: those spec fields aren't published
−IP67 rather than IP68, one step below the waterproofing rating on the WARN picks in this guide
−We could not pull a countable, first-hand owner review sample for this product; secondary sources mention solenoid and control-box complaints as a recurring theme, but that isn't a verified counted sample, so we're not citing it as a statistic
For Jeep- and Tacoma-class GVWR, the XRC Gen3 9,500 hits the sizing math at a lower price than the premium picks here, per Smittybilt's own spec sheet. Just go in aware that some spec fields aren't published and owner-feedback data wasn't available to verify.
+12,000 lb rated line pull with rope rated to 16,500 lb breaking strength, per WARN's spec sheet
+Longest warranty of the three truck/SUV picks here: lifetime mechanical, 7-year electrical
+Wireless remote reports motor temperature and battery voltage, useful for watching duty-cycle limits in real time
Cons
−Still falls short of the 1.5x minimum for the heaviest trucks: WARN's own Silverado 2500 example (9,900 lb GVWR) needs roughly 14,850 lb, above this winch's 12,000 lb rating
−Manufacturer page doesn't publish winch weight, exact gear ratio, or amp draw at rated load
−Premium cost tier relative to the other two picks in this guide
Right for GVWR up to roughly 8,000 lb where the 1.5x formula lands near 12,000 lb. For 3/4-ton-and-up trucks that clear 9,000+ lb GVWR, WARN's own math says step up past 12,000 lb into the 15,000-16,500 lb class instead.
+4,500 lb capacity sits right at the top of WARN's own two-seat UTV class range (3,500-4,500 lb)
+IP68 waterproofing matches WARN's premium truck winches, unusual at this size class
+All-metal 3-stage planetary gear train rather than a mixed-material design
Cons
−At the very top of the two-seat UTV range: four-seat rigs or heavily loaded two-seaters may want the AXON 45-S instead
−Manufacturer page doesn't publish winch weight or amp draw at rated load
For a two-seat UTV run at or near loaded GVW, the VRX 45-S lands at the top edge of WARN's own recommended class range with IP68 sealing, per the manufacturer spec sheet.
+5,500 lb rated line pull sits inside WARN's four-seat UTV class range (4,500-5,500 lb) at the top end
+Short-drum AXON 45RC variant (4,500 lb) exists in the same family if you want a more compact mount at a lower rating
+IP68 waterproofing and a 3-stage planetary gear train match the truck-class picks in this guide
Cons
−Manufacturer page doesn't publish winch weight or amp draw at rated load
−5,500 lb only meets loaded-GVW sizing for lighter four-seat UTVs; heavier builds should verify against the 1.5x loaded-GVW rule before assuming this covers them
For a four-seat UTV run near or at loaded GVW, the AXON 45-S sits at the top of WARN's own recommended class range, per the manufacturer spec sheet. Check your loaded weight against the 1.5x rule before assuming it's enough.
+4,500 lb capacity covers most two-seat UTVs at WARN's class ceiling and clears typical ATV needs by a wide margin
+All-steel 3-stage planetary gearing at 198:1, per Superwinch's own spec sheet
+Lowest price tier of the three UTV/ATV picks in this guide
Cons
−Steel-rope version is heavier and stiffer to handle than the synthetic-rope picks above; a synthetic sibling (Terra 4500SR) exists if that matters to you
−No published waterproofing rating on the manufacturer page, unlike the WARN UTV picks
−No published winch weight or amp draw at rated load
For an ATV or lighter two-seat UTV on a budget, the Terra 4500 clears WARN's recommended class ranges at the lowest price of the group, per Superwinch's spec sheet. Just weigh the steel-vs-synthetic rope tradeoff first.
Prices/availability change: we don't display prices. Links may earn us a commission.
Before You Winch: The Manual Governs
Follow your winch manufacturer’s instructions above everything on this page; where they differ from what’s written here, the manual wins. A few points where that matters most:
Freespool and clutch engagement mechanisms differ by brand and even by model within a brand. Check your winch’s manual before disengaging the clutch; doing it wrong under tension is a common way people get hurt.
Always use a winch damper on the line during any pull. Damper attachment and placement can differ by damper design and winch mount, so check the damper’s own instructions rather than assuming one method fits every setup. Steel cable stores substantial energy under load; synthetic stores less but isn’t risk-free. Stand-clear zones apply to everyone nearby, not just the person running the winch.
Drum wrap direction (over-wind versus under-wind) also differs by winch model. Spooling it backward can damage the winch or the rope, so check your manual before your first use rather than assuming.
Never exceed rated capacity, and remember that rated capacity is a first-layer number; plan your pull accordingly. If you’re dealing with a rollover, a vehicle on an unstable slope, a water recovery, a damaged recovery point, or any pull you’re not confident calculating, that’s a call for a professional recovery service, not a DIY pull.
For the full step-by-step process, see our guide on how to use a winch. And once you’ve sized the winch itself, our recovery kit checklist covers the shackles, straps, and rigging hardware that have to be rated to match it.
Frequently asked questions
What size winch do I need for my truck or SUV?
Multiply your vehicle’s GVWR (found on the driver’s door sticker) by 1.5: that’s your minimum winch pulling capacity, per WARN’s published sizing formula. A Jeep Wrangler Rubicon at 5,000 lb GVWR needs at least 7,500 lb of capacity.
Is a 9,500 lb winch enough, or do I need 12,000 lb?
It depends entirely on your GVWR, not your preference. A Tacoma-class truck at 5,600 lb GVWR clears the 1.5x formula with room to spare at 9,500 lb; a Silverado 2500 at 9,900 lb GVWR needs roughly 14,850 lb minimum, which pushes you past both 9,500 and 12,000 lb into 15,000-16,500 lb territory.
My truck weighs 6,000 lbs. What size winch do I need?
That 6,000 lbs is almost certainly your truck’s curb weight, not its GVWR, and winch sizing runs off GVWR, not curb weight. A Ford F-150 with a curb weight near 6,000 lbs still carries a GVWR of 6,010-7,850 lbs depending on configuration; run that through the 1.5x formula and you land at roughly 9,015-11,775 lbs minimum, not 6,000 lbs. Check your driver’s door-jamb sticker for your actual GVWR before you buy.
Do bigger tires mean I need a bigger winch?
No manufacturer checked publishes a specific tire-size-to-winch-capacity formula, so there’s no reliable ‘add X lb per inch’ rule to give you. Larger, heavier wheel-and-tire packages add rotating weight and increase rolling resistance in soft terrain, both of which raise real-world pulling load, but the honest move is to size off your actual GVWR and terrain, not an invented tire multiplier.
How much winch does a UTV or ATV need?
WARN’s vehicle-class guide runs 2,500-3,500 lb for ATVs, 3,500-4,500 lb for two-seat UTVs, and 4,500-5,500 lb for four-seat UTVs. SuperATV’s complementary rule is to size at least 1.5x your UTV’s loaded GVW: passengers, fuel, accessories, and cargo included, not dry weight.
Why does my winch pull less than its rated capacity in the field?
Rated capacity is measured on the first layer of rope on the drum only. Each layer stacked on top reduces line pull by roughly 15% as effective drum diameter grows, so a WARN ZEON 8 drops from 8,000 lb on layer one to 5,189 lb by layer four.
Synthetic rope or steel cable: which should I choose?
Synthetic is lighter and safer if it fails since it stores less energy under load, but it’s more abrasion-prone and costs more upfront. Steel is far more abrasion-resistant and cheaper over its working life, but it’s heavier, can bird’s-nest, and stores considerably more dangerous energy under load.
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